As we mentioned elsewhere on our site, you first need PV modules to create your PV array. These modules can range from old-fashioned stand-alone modules, glass laminates, or even a thin film which can be used as part of your existing roof.
PV arrays can be mounted on a roof, the ground, or a pole. Mounting systems can vary depending upon your budget, PV needs, and your chosen mounting location. Some common materials include aluminum, iron-angle, stainless steel, and wood. Each material type has its own strengths and weaknesses.
While you can find some appliances that run on the direct current (DC) generated by a PV array, you will probably need an inverter to convert that DC to alternating current (AC). This inverter will allow you to use your existing stoves, refrigerators, televisions, and other appliances common to the average household with your solar system. There is a slight loss of power (about 20%) when DC is inverted, however, so this must be addressed throughout your PV array design.
You will need batteries if you want to use your solar-generated electricity at times when the sun is either not shining (e.g. nighttime) or occluded (e.g. overcast days). Batteries for solar systems are unique, however, as they are deep-cycle batteries which are specifically designed for the rigors associated with photon collection, electricity generation, inversion, and storage. A Grid-Tied system may not need batteries, as you can still access the existing utility infrastructure if need be. A Stand-Alone system will require batteries, however, if electricity is needed when the sun is not available.
You may have to retrofit some parts of your residential or commercial electrical system in order to use a solar electric system. These parts could possibly include some minor wiring updates, switches and fuse arrangements, grounding mechanisms, and special equipment to regulate battery usage.
